:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --bg: #EFEDE7;
  --card: #fff;
  --card-soft: #FAF9F6;
  --ink: #12161C;
  --ink-2: #1A2029;
  --border: #E2E0DA;
  --border-strong: #D6D3CB;
  --text: #262C35;
  --text-2: #3A4049;
  --text-3: #4A515B;
  --muted: #6E7580;
  --placeholder: #DFDDD7;
  --placeholder-text: #9A968C;
  --red: #C0392B;
  --blue: #123A6B;
  --green: #2E7D5B;
  --green-soft: #EEF5F1;
  --amber: #A9701A;
  --amber-soft: #FBF3E4;
  --purple: #5D4E9C;
  --highlight-bg: #FBF6E9;
  --highlight-border: #E0D6B8;
  --serif: 'Newsreader', Georgia, serif;
  --sans: 'Atkinson Hyperlegible', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

body {
  background: var(--bg);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--text-2);
}

a { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { color: var(--red); }

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }

.container { max-width: 1280px; margin: 0 auto; }

.skip-link {
  position: absolute; left: -999px; top: 0; z-index: 100;
  background: var(--ink); color: #fff; padding: 10px 16px;
  font: 700 13px/1 var(--sans);
}
.skip-link:focus { left: 12px; top: 12px; }

/* ---------- masthead ---------- */

.date-bar {
  background: var(--ink); color: #C9CCD2;
  font: 400 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .04em;
  padding: 9px 20px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px;
}
.date-bar .tagline { color: #fff; letter-spacing: .16em; font-size: 10px; }
.date-bar .bar-actions { display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: center; }
.date-bar .bar-actions a, .date-bar .bar-actions button {
  background: none; border: none; color: inherit; font: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0;
}
.date-bar .bar-actions .signin { color: #fff; }

.masthead {
  padding: 22px 20px 16px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; background: var(--card);
}
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.brand-mark {
  width: 40px; height: 40px; background: var(--ink); color: #fff;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font: 700 17px/1 var(--serif); flex: none;
}
.brand-name { font: 600 28px/1 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.brand-name a { color: inherit; }

.level-picker { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; font: 400 12px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.level-picker .chips { display: flex; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); }
.level-picker .chip {
  padding: 8px 14px; color: var(--text-2); border-left: 1px solid var(--border-strong);
  background: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer;
}
.level-picker .chip:first-child { border-left: none; }
.level-picker .chip[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; font-weight: 700; }

.primary-nav {
  padding: 0 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px;
  background: var(--card); overflow-x: auto;
}
.primary-nav .links { display: flex; gap: 22px; font: 400 14px/1 var(--sans); padding: 14px 0; white-space: nowrap; }
.primary-nav .links a { color: var(--text); }
.primary-nav .links a.active { color: var(--red); font-weight: 700; }
.primary-nav .learn { font: 700 14px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--blue); white-space: nowrap; }

main { background: var(--card); }

/* ---------- hero ---------- */

.hero {
  padding: 46px 20px 40px; text-align: center; background: var(--card-soft);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.hero .eyebrow {
  font: 700 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .2em; color: var(--red); margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.hero h1 {
  margin: 0 0 16px; font: 600 clamp(32px, 5vw, 58px)/1.08 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -.02em;
}
.hero p { margin: 0 auto 26px; max-width: 620px; font: 400 18px/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); }
.hero .cta-row { display: flex; gap: 12px; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }

.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px;
  padding: 14px 28px; font: 700 15px/1 var(--sans); border: 1px solid transparent; cursor: pointer;
}
.btn-primary { background: var(--blue); color: #fff; }
.btn-outline { background: none; border-color: var(--ink); color: var(--ink); }
.btn-outline-light { background: none; border-color: #454B54; color: #fff; }
.btn-dark { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; }
.btn[disabled], .btn.is-disabled { opacity: .5; cursor: not-allowed; }

/* ---------- top story + latest grid ---------- */

.section-label {
  padding: 30px 20px 16px; display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); margin: 0 0 26px;
}
.section-label h2 { margin: 0; font: 600 14px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; color: var(--ink); }
.section-label .meta { font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.section-label .more { margin-left: auto; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--blue); }

.top-story { padding: 0 20px 40px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.35fr 1fr; gap: 32px; align-items: start; }
.photo-ph {
  background: var(--placeholder); aspect-ratio: 16/9; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  color: var(--placeholder-text); font: 700 10px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; text-align: center; padding: 10px;
}
.photo-ph.square { aspect-ratio: 1/1; }
.photo-ph.wide { aspect-ratio: 3/2; }

.kicker-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 18px 0 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.kicker { font: 700 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; color: var(--red); }
.kicker.muted { color: var(--muted); }
.level-badge { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font: 700 12px/1 var(--sans); padding: 5px 10px; }
.level-badge.a1 { color: var(--green); background: var(--green-soft); }
.level-badge.a2 { color: var(--amber); background: var(--amber-soft); }
.level-badge.b1 { color: var(--purple); background: #EEEBF6; }
.level-badge .dot { width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background: currentColor; display: inline-block; }
.level-tag { font: 700 12px/1 var(--sans); }
.level-tag.a1 { color: var(--green); }
.level-tag.a2 { color: var(--amber); }
.level-tag.b1 { color: var(--purple); }
.read-meta { font: 400 12px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }

.top-story h3 { margin: 0 0 12px; font: 600 clamp(26px, 3.4vw, 40px)/1.12 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.top-story .dek { margin: 0; font: 400 18px/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--text-2); max-width: 56ch; }

.side-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }
.side-item { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); padding-bottom: 20px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 100px; gap: 14px; }
.side-item h4 { margin: 0 0 8px; font: 600 20px/1.2 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.side-item .photo-ph { height: 72px; aspect-ratio: auto; }

.newsletter-box { background: var(--card-soft); border: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 20px; }
.newsletter-box h3 { margin: 0 0 8px; font: 600 19px/1.25 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.newsletter-box p { margin: 0 0 12px; font: 400 13.5px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); }
.newsletter-form { display: flex; gap: 8px; }
.newsletter-form input {
  flex: 1; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); background: #fff; padding: 12px; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans);
}
.newsletter-form button { padding: 12px 16px; background: var(--ink); color: #fff; font: 700 13px/1 var(--sans); border: none; cursor: pointer; }
.newsletter-note { margin-top: 10px; font: 400 12px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.newsletter-note.ok { color: var(--green); }

/* ---------- card grids ---------- */

.grid-3 { padding: 0 20px 40px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 26px; }
.grid-2 { padding: 0 20px 40px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 26px; }
.story-card { background: var(--card); }
.story-card.bordered { border: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 22px; }
.story-card h3 { margin: 0 0 9px; font: 600 24px/1.2 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.story-card p { margin: 0 0 12px; font: 400 15px/1.55 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); }
.story-card .photo-ph { aspect-ratio: 3/2; margin-bottom: 14px; }

/* ---------- level page ---------- */

.level-hero { padding: 48px 20px 36px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 360px; gap: 48px; align-items: start; }
.level-flag { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; padding: 8px 14px; font: 700 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .06em; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.level-flag .dot { width: 8px; height: 8px; border-radius: 50%; background: currentColor; }
.level-hero h1 { margin: 0 0 16px; font: 600 clamp(30px, 4vw, 50px)/1.08 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.level-hero .lede { margin: 0 0 22px; max-width: 60ch; font: 400 18px/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); }
.stat-row { display: flex; gap: 22px; flex-wrap: wrap; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding-top: 18px; }
.stat-row strong { color: var(--ink); font-size: 18px; }

.compare-box { border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--card-soft); padding: 20px; }
.compare-box .label { font: 700 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 14px; }
.compare-item { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 12px 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.compare-item.current { border: 1.5px solid var(--amber); }
.compare-item .tag { font: 700 12px/1 var(--sans); margin-bottom: 7px; }
.compare-item p { margin: 0; font: 400 14px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--text-2); }
.compare-cta { margin-top: 6px; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--blue); }

.filter-row { padding: 24px 20px 16px; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.filter-chip {
  padding: 9px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); color: var(--text-2);
  font: 400 12.5px/1 var(--sans); background: #fff; cursor: pointer;
}
.filter-chip[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; border-color: var(--ink); font-weight: 700; }

.mesh-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1px; background: var(--border); border: 1px solid var(--border); margin: 26px 20px 40px; }
.mesh-grid .story-card { padding: 22px; }

/* ---------- article page ---------- */

.article-shell { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(20px, 1fr) minmax(0, 720px) minmax(20px, 1fr); }
.article-shell > .col { min-width: 0; }
.article-header { padding: 40px 0 0; }
.crumb { font: 400 12.5px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 20px; }
.crumb a { color: var(--muted); }
.article-header h1 { margin: 0 0 16px; font: 600 clamp(30px, 4.2vw, 50px)/1.08 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.article-dek { margin: 0 0 22px; font: 400 20px/1.55 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); }
.byline-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); padding-bottom: 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.byline-row .audio-flag { color: var(--blue); font-weight: 700; }
.byline-row .audio-flag.disabled { color: var(--muted); font-weight: 400; }

.figure-caption { font: 400 12.5px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); margin: 10px 0 30px; }

.level-switch {
  border: 1px solid var(--ink); padding: 18px 20px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 14px; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.level-switch h2 { margin: 0 0 6px; font: 700 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); }
.level-switch p { margin: 0; font: 400 12.5px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.level-switch .chips { display: flex; }
.level-switch .chip {
  padding: 11px 16px; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); border-left: none; color: var(--text-2);
  font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); background: #fff; cursor: pointer;
}
.level-switch .chip:first-child { border-left: 1px solid var(--border-strong); }
.level-switch .chip[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; font-weight: 700; }

.audio-box {
  background: var(--card-soft); border: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 14px 18px;
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 34px; flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.audio-box .play {
  width: 38px; height: 38px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--blue); color: #fff;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 13px; flex: none; border: none; cursor: pointer;
}
.audio-box[data-disabled="true"] .play { background: var(--border-strong); color: var(--muted); cursor: not-allowed; }
.audio-box .track { flex: 1; min-width: 140px; }
.audio-box .label { font: 700 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.audio-box .bar { height: 4px; background: var(--placeholder); }
.audio-box .speed { padding: 8px 13px; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); font: 700 12px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--text-2); background: #fff; }

.article-body p {
  margin: 0 0 24px; font: 400 20px/1.8 var(--sans); color: var(--text);
}
.article-body mark { background: var(--highlight-bg); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--highlight-border); color: inherit; }

.vocab-block, .quiz-block { margin-bottom: 38px; }
.block-title { margin: 0 0 4px; font: 600 26px/1.2 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.block-sub { margin: 0 0 18px; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.vocab-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1px; background: var(--border); border: 1px solid var(--border); }
.vocab-item { background: #fff; padding: 17px 18px; }
.vocab-word-row { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 9px; margin-bottom: 6px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.vocab-word { font: 700 17px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); }
.vocab-ipa { font: 400 12.5px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--placeholder-text); }
.vocab-audio { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; border: none; background: none; cursor: default; }
.vocab-def { font: 400 15px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); }
.vocab-actions { background: #fff; padding: 17px 18px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.vocab-actions .btn { padding: 10px 16px; font-size: 12.5px; }
.saved-note { font: 400 12px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--green); }

.quiz-box { background: var(--card-soft); border: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 26px 26px; }
.quiz-box .block-title { font-size: 26px; }
.quiz-q { font: 700 16.5px/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); margin: 18px 0 12px; }
.quiz-q:first-of-type { margin-top: 0; }
.quiz-opts { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.quiz-opt {
  background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); padding: 13px 17px; font: 400 15.5px/1 var(--sans);
  color: var(--text-2); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; text-align: left; cursor: pointer; width: 100%;
}
.quiz-opt.correct { border: 1.5px solid var(--green); color: var(--ink); }
.quiz-opt.correct .result { color: var(--green); font-weight: 700; }
.quiz-opt.incorrect { border: 1.5px solid var(--red); color: var(--ink); }
.quiz-opt.incorrect .result { color: var(--red); font-weight: 700; }
.quiz-opt[disabled] { cursor: default; }

.meta-cols { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 44px; display: flex; gap: 40px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.meta-cols .col-label { font: 700 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 10px; }
.meta-cols .col-body { font: 400 14px/1.7 var(--sans); color: var(--text-2); }

.related { background: var(--card-soft); border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 38px 20px 46px; }
.related h2 { margin: 0 0 22px; font: 600 27px/1.2 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }

/* ---------- for-teachers ---------- */

.teacher-tag { font: 700 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; color: var(--blue); border-left: 1px solid var(--border-strong); padding-left: 12px; }
.pack-card { border: 1px solid var(--border); }
.pack-head { padding: 22px 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.pack-head h3 { margin: 8px 0; font: 600 24px/1.18 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.pack-avail { font: 400 12.5px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.pack-list { padding: 18px 24px 22px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 11px; font: 400 14.5px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--text-2); }
.pack-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.pack-row .status { color: var(--muted); font-weight: 400; }
.pack-row.answer { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding-top: 11px; }

.value-cols { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 38px 20px 46px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 40px; background: var(--card-soft); }
.value-cols h3 { margin: 0 0 8px; font: 600 21px/1.25 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.value-cols p { margin: 0; font: 400 15px/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); }

/* ---------- footer ---------- */

footer { background: var(--ink); color: #C9CCD2; padding: 40px 20px; }
footer .foot-grid { display: flex; gap: 40px; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; }
footer .foot-brand { font: 600 22px/1 var(--serif); color: #fff; margin-bottom: 10px; }
footer .foot-tag { font: 400 13px/1.5 var(--sans); color: #8A9199; max-width: 32ch; }
footer nav { display: flex; gap: 32px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
footer nav a { color: #C9CCD2; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); }
footer .foot-bottom { margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 20px; border-top: 1px solid #262C35; font: 400 12px/1 var(--sans); color: #6E7580; }

/* ---------- misc pages ---------- */

.page-hero { padding: 48px 20px 30px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.page-hero h1 { margin: 0 0 12px; font: 600 clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px)/1.1 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.page-hero p { margin: 0; max-width: 60ch; font: 400 17px/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); }

.search-box { padding: 30px 20px; }
.search-box input {
  width: 100%; padding: 16px 18px; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); font: 400 17px/1 var(--sans);
  background: #fff;
}
#search-results { padding: 0 20px 40px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1px; background: var(--border); border: 1px solid var(--border); }
#search-results:empty { display: none; }
.search-row { background: #fff; padding: 16px 18px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; align-items: baseline; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.search-row h3 { margin: 0; font: 600 18px/1.2 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); }
.search-empty { padding: 20px; font: 400 14px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }

.notice-inline {
  background: var(--card-soft); border: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 10px 14px;
  font: 400 12.5px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); margin-top: 8px;
}

.not-found { padding: 90px 20px; text-align: center; }
.not-found h1 { font: 600 60px/1 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 14px; }
.not-found p { font: 400 17px/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--text-3); margin: 0 0 24px; }

/* ---------- responsive ---------- */

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .top-story { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .mesh-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .level-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .article-shell { grid-template-columns: minmax(16px,1fr) minmax(0,1fr) minmax(16px,1fr); }
  .value-cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .masthead { padding: 18px 16px 14px; }
  .brand-name { font-size: 22px; }
  .primary-nav { padding: 0 16px; }
  .primary-nav .links { gap: 16px; }
  .hero { padding: 34px 16px 30px; }
  .top-story, .grid-3, .grid-2, .mesh-grid, .section-label, .filter-row, .value-cols { padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; }
  .grid-3, .grid-2, .mesh-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .value-cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .side-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .side-item .photo-ph { display: none; }
  .article-shell { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 0 16px; }
  .related { padding: 30px 16px 36px; }
  .level-switch { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
  .vocab-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer .foot-grid { flex-direction: column; gap: 24px; }
}